06.实战案例

19. 案例一：搭建 Nginx 静态网站

最简单的入门案例：

目录结构：

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project/
├── docker-compose.yml
└── html/
    └── index.html

docker-compose.yml：

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version: "3.8"

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: nginx-web
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    restart: unless-stopped

html/index.html：

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello Docker</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello from Docker!</h1>
</body>
</html>

运行：

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docker compose up -d
# 访问 http://localhost

20. 案例二：部署 WordPress 博客

docker-compose.yml：

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version: "3.8"

services:
  wordpress:
    image: wordpress:latest
    container_name: wordpress
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mysql
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress_password
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
    volumes:
      - wordpress-data:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - wp-network
    restart: unless-stopped

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: wordpress-db
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root_password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
      MYSQL_USER: wordpress
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress_password
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - wp-network
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    restart: unless-stopped

networks:
  wp-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  wordpress-data:
  mysql-data:

运行：

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docker compose up -d
# 访问 http://localhost:8080 完成 WordPress 安装

21. 案例三：Node.js + MySQL + Redis 开发环境

目录结构：

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project/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .env
├── Dockerfile
├── package.json
└── src/
    └── index.js

docker-compose.yml：

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version: "3.8"

services:
  app:
    build: .
    container_name: node-app
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: development
      DB_HOST: mysql
      DB_PORT: 3306
      DB_NAME: ${DB_NAME:-myapp}
      DB_USER: ${DB_USER:-root}
      DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD:-123456}
      REDIS_HOST: redis
      REDIS_PORT: 6379
    volumes:
      - ./src:/app/src          # 热重载：源码挂载
      - /app/node_modules       # 保护 node_modules
    depends_on:
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - dev-network
    restart: unless-stopped

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: mysql-db
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"  # 开发时方便本地连接
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD:-123456}
      MYSQL_DATABASE: ${DB_NAME:-myapp}
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - dev-network
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: redis-cache
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"  # 开发时方便本地连接
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
    networks:
      - dev-network
    restart: unless-stopped

networks:
  dev-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  mysql-data:
  redis-data:

Dockerfile：

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FROM node:18-alpine

WORKDIR /app

# 安装依赖
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install

# 复制源码
COPY . .

EXPOSE 3000

# 开发模式使用 nodemon 热重载
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

.env：

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DB_NAME=myapp
DB_USER=root
DB_PASSWORD=123456

22. 案例四：企业级日志收集系统（Loki + Grafana）

相比 ELK，Loki + Grafana 更轻量，适合中小规模项目。

docker-compose.yml：

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version: "3.8"

services:
  # 日志聚合
  loki:
    image: grafana/loki:2.9.0
    container_name: loki
    ports:
      - "3100:3100"
    volumes:
      - ./loki-config.yml:/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
      - loki-data:/loki
    command: -config.file=/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
    networks:
      - monitoring
    restart: unless-stopped

  # 日志收集代理
  promtail:
    image: grafana/promtail:2.9.0
    container_name: promtail
    volumes:
      - ./promtail-config.yml:/etc/promtail/config.yml
      - /var/log:/var/log:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro
    command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yml
    networks:
      - monitoring
    restart: unless-stopped

  # 可视化面板
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:10.0.0
    container_name: grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123
    volumes:
      - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
    depends_on:
      - loki
    networks:
      - monitoring
    restart: unless-stopped

  # 示例应用（产生日志）
  app:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: demo-app
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    logging:
      driver: json-file
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
        max-file: "3"
    networks:
      - monitoring
    restart: unless-stopped

networks:
  monitoring:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  loki-data:
  grafana-data:

loki-config.yml：

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auth_enabled: false

server:
  http_listen_port: 3100

ingester:
  lifecycler:
    ring:
      kvstore:
        store: inmemory
      replication_factor: 1
  chunk_idle_period: 5m
  chunk_retain_period: 30s

schema_config:
  configs:
    - from: 2020-10-24
      store: boltdb-shipper
      object_store: filesystem
      schema: v11
      index:
        prefix: index_
        period: 24h

storage_config:
  boltdb_shipper:
    active_index_directory: /loki/index
    cache_location: /loki/cache
    shared_store: filesystem
  filesystem:
    directory: /loki/chunks

limits_config:
  enforce_metric_name: false
  reject_old_samples: true
  reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h

chunk_store_config:
  max_look_back_period: 0s

table_manager:
  retention_deletes_enabled: false
  retention_period: 0s

promtail-config.yml：

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server:
  http_listen_port: 9080
  grpc_listen_port: 0

positions:
  filename: /tmp/positions.yaml

clients:
  - url: http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/push

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: containers
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost
        labels:
          job: containerlogs
          __path__: /var/lib/docker/containers/*/*log
    pipeline_stages:
      - json:
          expressions:
            output: log
            stream: stream
            time: time
      - output:
          source: output